We provide the following services :-
1.LOCATING/ARRANGING LANDS FOR
AGRICULTURE/MINING ON LEASE BASIS OR ON
OUTRIGHT BASIS in the following countries
ETHIOPIA
AFRICAS
AMERICAS
CANADA
ASIA
2. TO arrange company formation in the above countries and opening a bank account and to prepare lease agremments and to arrange tot meetings to sign the agreements.
and soiltesting,water sources and to obtain permissons from the concerned departments of governments concerned
please visit our blogspot
www.ethiopiaagriculture.blogspot.com
contact for further details of our services
email : ethiopiaagriculture@gmail.com
skype id : vrkconsultants
contact no :91-9533592778
ravikumar
Monday 28 February 2011
info-1
Note from ravi kumar:
ethiopia agriculture and mining lands for 1$ doller@acre per year
-------
To see this story with its related links on the guardian.co.uk site, go to http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2010/jan/15/ethiopia-sells-land-farming-giants
Ethiopia ? country of the silver sickle ? offers land dirt cheap to farming giants
Addis Ababa sells vast fertile swaths to international companies in effort to introduce large-scale commercial agriculture
Xan Rice in Bako
Friday January 15 2010
The Guardian
http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2010/jan/15/ethiopia-sells-land-farming-giants
This is a country of the bent back and the silver sickle, where virtually all the crops have felt the calloused fingers of the peasant farmer working his tiny parcel of state-owned land. The ox pulls the plough and the donkey the cart, and fertiliser counts as agricultural technology.
Chugging into this picture on a bright green John Deere tractor came Hanumantha Rao, a former sugarcane farmer from India who is at the forefront of a revolution sweeping through Ethiopian farming. He hurried up to a hilltop on his company's farm in Bako, four hours' drive from the capital, Addis Ababa, and swept out an arm to indicate the land he has leased from the government: 11,000 hectares to grow rice, maize and oil palms.
In the fields below, boreholes were being sunk and roads graded. An airstrip will soon allow for a crop-spraying plane. Besides the new tractor Rao had been riding on that morning, there were 30 more on site. That was not many, he insisted, and neither was the farm especially large.
Further west in Gambella, Karuturi Global, the listed Indian horticulture company that employs Rao, is bringing in 1,000 new tractors to work the 300,000 hectares it has leased ? making it one of the biggest farms in the Horn of Africa, if not the continent. "It is 120 kilometres [75 miles] wide," Rao said proudly. "Three hours to cross by Jeep."
Ethiopia's great land lease project is moved swiftly ahead. In an effort to introduce large-scale commercial farming to the country, the government is offering up vast chunks of fertile farmland to local and foreign investors at almost giveaway rates. By 2013, 3m hectares of idle land is expected to have been allotted ? equivalent to more than one fifth of the current land under cultivation in the country.
The move is part of a wider trend that has seen other African and Asian countries seek to take advantage of high global demand and the cost of crops by offering agricultural land to foreign companies, private equity funds and governments, particularly those of import-dependent Gulf countries.
If done properly, the investments have the potential to increase local food availability and create badly needed jobs. If not ? as was the case with the attempt by the South Korean firm Daewoo to lease half of Madagascar's arable land to grow corn for export in 2008, a deal many saw as 21st- century colonialism ? they could prove disastrous.
In a food-insecure country such as Ethiopia, where several million people rely on food aid, the idea of offering fertile land to outsiders has raised concerns. But government officials point out that Ethiopia has vast reserves of underused land ? 60m hectares of the country's 74m hectares suitable for agriculture is not cultivated ? and insist no local farmers will be adversely affected. Esayas Kebede, investment support co-ordinator at the agriculture ministry, said that foreign companies were essential for the move from subsistence to commercial farming, a key part of the country's development strategy.
"There is no crop that won't grow in Ethiopia but we cannot produce quantity and quality. Why? It's a vicious cycle of the lack of capital and technology," he said. "So leasing land is a real opportunity for us."
So too for Karuturi. The Bangalore-based company, which is the world's largest grower of roses, has negotiated an extraordinarily good deal with the government. For its farm in Bako, Karuturi is paying no rent for six years and then only 135 birr (?6.50) per hectare per year for the remainder of the 50-year lease. In Gambella, a remote and sparsely populated region close to Sudan, the rent is only 15 birr per hectare (73p).
The company believes the potential for large profits is so great that it plans to invest nearly $1bn in its Ethiopian agricultural operations, according to managing director Sai Ramakrishna Karuturi. Within eight years, he hopes to be producing 3m tonnes of cereals ? mostly maize and rice ? a year on the Gambella farm, as well as palm oil and sugar. Some of the produce will be sold in Sudan and Kenya ? where the company is in talks with the US Agency for International Development to build grain silos at a border town. Like all the foreign land investors in Ethiopia, the company is free to export as much of its produce as it likes, but Sai Ramakrishna Karuturi said most would be sold domestically, where there is a ready market.
"Ethiopia is a food importer and will continue to be for some time. With the high cost of transportation in Africa, it does not make sense for us to try to export beyond the region."
As with land, labour is also extremely cheap. The minimum wage in Ethiopia is about 8 birr (39p) a day. Karuturi, which hopes eventually to employ 20,000 people on its two farms, says it pays 10 birr (49p) a day and provides meals to its workers.
Rao, general manager of the Bako farm, said there was no shortage of locals desperate for jobs. "People here are very poor. They would work for 1 birr, and no one else pays more than 5 birr. So we are paying double."
Outside the farm gates, the feeling about Karuturi among peasant farmers was mixed. The company's 11,000 hectares were fallow before it arrived ? the black clay soil is rich in nutrients but difficult to work without a mechanical plough ? but some locals had grazed their cattle there and used to cross the farm to the nearest river, which is no longer possible.
Teresa Agassa, a 38-year-old man in gumboots who works a one-hectare plot, said it was good that some local people now had jobs ? even if the wage was too small. But he spoke enviously of Karuturi's tractors.
"They're only for the company's benefit. Maybe there can also be benefits for us ? but we will only know in the future."
Ethiopia's farming revolution
In the late 1970s Ethiopia's communist regime nationalised all land, and private ownership remains outlawed. The millions of small-scale farmers work under licence from the state, and most plots are one hectare or less, which has hampered efforts to improve food security. But the centralised tenure system has made it easy for the government to offer hundreds of idle farms to investors at cheap rates. A detailed database contains information on soil types, weather patterns, the nearest rivers, and suitable crops. The agriculture ministry is advertising 1.68 million hectares of land in the Benishangul-Gumuz, South Omo and Gambella regions. The greatest interest has come from India and Saudi Arabia, including Saudi Star Agricultural Development, which is growing 10,000 hectares of rice in Gambella. Firms from other Arab countries, and from China, Japan and the US have also expressed strong interest in leasing land.
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ethiopia agriculture and mining lands for 1$ doller@acre per year
-------
To see this story with its related links on the guardian.co.uk site, go to http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2010/jan/15/ethiopia-sells-land-farming-giants
Ethiopia ? country of the silver sickle ? offers land dirt cheap to farming giants
Addis Ababa sells vast fertile swaths to international companies in effort to introduce large-scale commercial agriculture
Xan Rice in Bako
Friday January 15 2010
The Guardian
http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2010/jan/15/ethiopia-sells-land-farming-giants
This is a country of the bent back and the silver sickle, where virtually all the crops have felt the calloused fingers of the peasant farmer working his tiny parcel of state-owned land. The ox pulls the plough and the donkey the cart, and fertiliser counts as agricultural technology.
Chugging into this picture on a bright green John Deere tractor came Hanumantha Rao, a former sugarcane farmer from India who is at the forefront of a revolution sweeping through Ethiopian farming. He hurried up to a hilltop on his company's farm in Bako, four hours' drive from the capital, Addis Ababa, and swept out an arm to indicate the land he has leased from the government: 11,000 hectares to grow rice, maize and oil palms.
In the fields below, boreholes were being sunk and roads graded. An airstrip will soon allow for a crop-spraying plane. Besides the new tractor Rao had been riding on that morning, there were 30 more on site. That was not many, he insisted, and neither was the farm especially large.
Further west in Gambella, Karuturi Global, the listed Indian horticulture company that employs Rao, is bringing in 1,000 new tractors to work the 300,000 hectares it has leased ? making it one of the biggest farms in the Horn of Africa, if not the continent. "It is 120 kilometres [75 miles] wide," Rao said proudly. "Three hours to cross by Jeep."
Ethiopia's great land lease project is moved swiftly ahead. In an effort to introduce large-scale commercial farming to the country, the government is offering up vast chunks of fertile farmland to local and foreign investors at almost giveaway rates. By 2013, 3m hectares of idle land is expected to have been allotted ? equivalent to more than one fifth of the current land under cultivation in the country.
The move is part of a wider trend that has seen other African and Asian countries seek to take advantage of high global demand and the cost of crops by offering agricultural land to foreign companies, private equity funds and governments, particularly those of import-dependent Gulf countries.
If done properly, the investments have the potential to increase local food availability and create badly needed jobs. If not ? as was the case with the attempt by the South Korean firm Daewoo to lease half of Madagascar's arable land to grow corn for export in 2008, a deal many saw as 21st- century colonialism ? they could prove disastrous.
In a food-insecure country such as Ethiopia, where several million people rely on food aid, the idea of offering fertile land to outsiders has raised concerns. But government officials point out that Ethiopia has vast reserves of underused land ? 60m hectares of the country's 74m hectares suitable for agriculture is not cultivated ? and insist no local farmers will be adversely affected. Esayas Kebede, investment support co-ordinator at the agriculture ministry, said that foreign companies were essential for the move from subsistence to commercial farming, a key part of the country's development strategy.
"There is no crop that won't grow in Ethiopia but we cannot produce quantity and quality. Why? It's a vicious cycle of the lack of capital and technology," he said. "So leasing land is a real opportunity for us."
So too for Karuturi. The Bangalore-based company, which is the world's largest grower of roses, has negotiated an extraordinarily good deal with the government. For its farm in Bako, Karuturi is paying no rent for six years and then only 135 birr (?6.50) per hectare per year for the remainder of the 50-year lease. In Gambella, a remote and sparsely populated region close to Sudan, the rent is only 15 birr per hectare (73p).
The company believes the potential for large profits is so great that it plans to invest nearly $1bn in its Ethiopian agricultural operations, according to managing director Sai Ramakrishna Karuturi. Within eight years, he hopes to be producing 3m tonnes of cereals ? mostly maize and rice ? a year on the Gambella farm, as well as palm oil and sugar. Some of the produce will be sold in Sudan and Kenya ? where the company is in talks with the US Agency for International Development to build grain silos at a border town. Like all the foreign land investors in Ethiopia, the company is free to export as much of its produce as it likes, but Sai Ramakrishna Karuturi said most would be sold domestically, where there is a ready market.
"Ethiopia is a food importer and will continue to be for some time. With the high cost of transportation in Africa, it does not make sense for us to try to export beyond the region."
As with land, labour is also extremely cheap. The minimum wage in Ethiopia is about 8 birr (39p) a day. Karuturi, which hopes eventually to employ 20,000 people on its two farms, says it pays 10 birr (49p) a day and provides meals to its workers.
Rao, general manager of the Bako farm, said there was no shortage of locals desperate for jobs. "People here are very poor. They would work for 1 birr, and no one else pays more than 5 birr. So we are paying double."
Outside the farm gates, the feeling about Karuturi among peasant farmers was mixed. The company's 11,000 hectares were fallow before it arrived ? the black clay soil is rich in nutrients but difficult to work without a mechanical plough ? but some locals had grazed their cattle there and used to cross the farm to the nearest river, which is no longer possible.
Teresa Agassa, a 38-year-old man in gumboots who works a one-hectare plot, said it was good that some local people now had jobs ? even if the wage was too small. But he spoke enviously of Karuturi's tractors.
"They're only for the company's benefit. Maybe there can also be benefits for us ? but we will only know in the future."
Ethiopia's farming revolution
In the late 1970s Ethiopia's communist regime nationalised all land, and private ownership remains outlawed. The millions of small-scale farmers work under licence from the state, and most plots are one hectare or less, which has hampered efforts to improve food security. But the centralised tenure system has made it easy for the government to offer hundreds of idle farms to investors at cheap rates. A detailed database contains information on soil types, weather patterns, the nearest rivers, and suitable crops. The agriculture ministry is advertising 1.68 million hectares of land in the Benishangul-Gumuz, South Omo and Gambella regions. The greatest interest has come from India and Saudi Arabia, including Saudi Star Agricultural Development, which is growing 10,000 hectares of rice in Gambella. Firms from other Arab countries, and from China, Japan and the US have also expressed strong interest in leasing land.
If you have any questions about this email, please contact the guardian.co.uk user help desk: userhelp@guardian.co.uk.
guardian.co.uk Copyright (c) Guardian News and Media Limited. 2010
Registered in England and Wales No. 908396
Registered office: Number 1 Scott Place, Manchester M3 3GG
Please consider the environment before printing this email.
------------------------------------------------------------------
Visit guardian.co.uk - newspaper website of the year
www.guardian.co.uk www.observer.co.uk
To save up to 33% when you subscribe to the Guardian and the Observer
visit http://www.guardian.co.uk/subscriber
---------------------------------------------------------------------
This e-mail and all attachments are confidential and may also
be privileged. If you are not the named recipient, please notify
the sender and delete the e-mail and all attachments immediately.
Do not disclose the contents to another person. You may not use
the information for any purpose, or store, or copy, it in any way.
Guardian News & Media Limited is not liable for any computer
viruses or other material transmitted with or as part of this
e-mail. You should employ virus checking software.
Guardian News & Media Limited
A member of Guardian Media Group PLC
Registered Office
Number 1 Scott Place, Manchester M3 3GG
Registered in England Number 908396
Sunday 27 February 2011
languages in ETHIOPIA
Languages of Ethiopia
See language maps.[See also SIL publications on the languages of Ethiopia.]
Republic of Ethiopia, Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, Ye Etiyop’iya Hizbawi Dimokrasiyawi Ripublik. 78,986,000. National or official languages: Amharic, English, Tigrigna. Literacy rate: 23.4% (1994 census). Immigrant languages: Kunama (1,880), Maay, Sudanese Spoken Arabic. Information mainly from M. L. Bender 1971, 1975, 1976, 1983, 1989; SIL 1998–2007. Blind population: 117,739 totally blind; 201,455 partially blind (1994 census). Deaf population: 1,000,000 (2005 Ethiopian National Association of the Deaf). Deaf institutions: 13. The number of individual languages listed for Ethiopia is 90. Of those, 85 are living languages and 5 have no known speakers.
| Aari | [aiw] 155,000 (1994 census). 129,350 monolinguals. Ethnic population: 155,002 (1989 census). North central Omo region, south tip of Ethiopia plateau, near the Hamer-Banna [amf]. Alternate names: Aarai, Ara, Ari, Aro, “Shankilla” , “Shankilligna” , “Shankillinya”. Dialects: Bako (Baco), Biyo (Bio), Laydo, Seyki, Shangama, Sido, Wubahamer (Ubamer), Zeddo. Most similar to Gayil [gyl]. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Omotic, South More information. |
| Afar | [aar] 979,000 in Ethiopia (1994 census). 905,872 monolinguals (1994 census). Population total all countries: 1,078,200. Eastern lowlands, Afar region. May be in Somalia. Also in Djibouti, Eritrea. Alternate names: ’Afar Af, Adal, Afaraf, “Danakil” , “Denkel”. Dialects: Northern Afar, Central Afar, Aussa, Baadu (Ba’adu). Related to Saho [ssy]. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Cushitic, East, Saho-Afar More information. |
| Alaba-K’abeena | [alw] 162,000 (1994 census). 111,077 monolinguals (1994 census). 126,257 Alaba, 35,783 K’abeena. Ethnic population: 125,900 (1998 census). Rift Valley southwest of Lake Shala. Separated by a river from Kambatta [ktb]. Alternate names: Alaba, Allaaba, Halaba. Dialects: Wanbasana (Alaba), K’abeena. Lexical similarity: 81% with Kambaata [ktb], 64% with Sidamo [sid], 56% with Libido [liq], 54% with Hadiyya [hdy]. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Cushitic, East, Highland More information. |
| Amharic | [amh] 17,400,000 in Ethiopia (1994 census). 14,743,556 monolinguals. Population total all countries: 17,528,500. North central, Amhara region; Addis Ababa. Also in Djibouti, Egypt, Israel, Sweden, United States. Alternate names: Abyssinian, Amarigna, Amarinya, Ethiopian. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, South, Ethiopian, South, Transversal, Amharic-Argobba More information. |
| Anfillo | [myo] 500 (1990 SIL). Ethnic population: 1,000 (1990 SIL). Anfillo Forest, west of Dembi Dolo. Alternate names: Southern Mao. Dialects: Lexical similarity: 53% with Shekkacho [moy]. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Omotic, North, Gonga-Gimojan, Gonga, Central More information. |
| Anuak | [anu] 45,600 in Ethiopia (1994 census). 34,311 monolinguals. Ethnic population: 45,665 (1994 census). Southwest, Gambela region, along Baro, Alworo, Gilo rivers and Akobo River right bank. Gambela town is center. Alternate names: Anyuak, Anywa, Anywak, Bar, Burjin, Jambo, Miroy, Moojanga, Nuro, Yambo, Yembo. Dialects: Adoyo, Coro, Lul, Opëno. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Nilotic, Western, Luo, Northern, Anuak More information. |
| Arbore | [arv] 4,440 (1994 census). 3,907 monolinguals (1994 census). Ethnic population: 6,559 (1994 census). Extreme southwest, Omo region, near Lake Stefanie. Alternate names: Arbora, Erbore, Irbore. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Cushitic, East, Western Omo-Tana More information. |
| Argobba | [agj] 10,900 (1994 census), decreasing. 100 monolinguals. Ethnic population: 62,831 (1994 census) USE 3,236 L2 speakers. The ethnic group near Ankober mainly speaks Amharic [amh]; the group near Harar mainly speaks Oromo [hae]. Northeast, Amhara, Oromiya and Afar regions; Rift Valley in Yimlawo, Gusa, Shonke, Berehet, Khayr Amba, Melkajillo, Metehara, Shewa Robit, villages area. Dialects: Aliyu Amba-Ankober, Shonke-T’allaha, Shagura. The ‘purest’ Argobba is spoken in Shonke and T’allaha. Lexical similarity: with Amharic [amh] is 74%–83% for the varieties of Aliyu Amba-Ankober and Shagura in the south, 53% for the variety of Shonke-T’allaha in the north. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, South, Ethiopian, South, Transversal, Amharic-Argobba More information. |
| Awngi | [awn] 500,000 (2007), increasing. 279,326 monolinguals. Ethnic population: 1,000,000. Amhara region, southwest of Lake Tana, scattered in Agew Midir and Metekel. Alternate names: Agau, Agaw, Agew, Agow, Awawar, Awi, Awiya, Damot, Kwollanyoch. Dialects: Kunfal (Kumfel, Kunfäl, Kunfel). Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Cushitic, Central, Southern More information. |
| Baiso | [bsw] 1,010 (1995 SIL). Ethnic population: 3,260 (1994 M. Brenzinger). Halfway between Soddo and Arba Minch, Merab Abaya area, Alge village (390); Gidicho Island, Baiso and Shigima villages (200); Welege Island on Lake Abaya (420), and west shore. Alternate names: Alkali, Bayso. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Cushitic, East, Western Omo-Tana More information. |
| Bambassi | [myf] 5,000 (1982 SIL). Benishangul-Gumuz region, Bambassi area and Didessa River Valley. Alternate names: Amam, Bambeshi, Didessa, Fadiro, Northern Mao, Siggoyo. Dialects: Didessa, Bambassi. Lexical similarity: 31% with other Omotic languages, 17% with Hozo-Sezo [hoz] (Bender 1983). Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Omotic, North, Mao, East More information. |
| Basketo | [bst] 57,800 (1994 census). 42,726 monolinguals. Ethnic population: 51,097 (1998 census). North Omo region, west of Bulki on a plateau. Alternate names: Baskatta, Basketto, Mesketo. Dialects: Lexical similarity: 61% with Oyda [oyd]. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Omotic, North, Gonga-Gimojan, Gimojan, Ometo-Gimira, Ometo, West More information. |
| Bench | [bcq] 174,000 (1994 census). 149,293 monolinguals. 10,002 She, 1,070 Mer. Ethnic population: 173,123 (1994 census). Kafa region, Mizan Teferi area, Shewa Bench towns. Alternate names: Dizu, Ghimarra, Gimarra, Gimira. Dialects: Bench (Bencho, Benesho), Mer (Mieru), She (Sce, Kaba). Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Omotic, North, Gonga-Gimojan, Gimojan, Ometo-Gimira, Gimira More information. |
| Berta | [wti] 125,000 in Ethiopia (1994 census), increasing. 99,689 monolinguals. 8,715 Fadashi. Population total all countries: 147,000. Beni Shangul region, corner formed by Blue Nile River and Sudan border north of Asosa; Dalati, Sirba Abay area east of Dabus River. Also in Sudan. Alternate names: Barta, Beni Shangul, Bertha, Burta, Jebelawi, Wetawit. Dialects: Shuru, Bake, Undu, Mayu, Fadashi, Dabuso. Probably more than one language. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Berta More information. |
| Borna | [bwo] 19,900 (1994 census), decreasing. 144 Gamila; 2,276 L2 speakers including 45 Gamila; 18,567 monolinguals including 77 Gamila. Ethnic population: 32,894 including 186 Gamila (1994 census). Benishangul-Gumuz region, near Blue Nile River. Alternate names: Boro, Bworo, Scinacia, Shinasha. Dialects: Bulen-Dibat’e, Wenbera-Dangur. Related to Kafa [kbr]. Scattered dialect groups. Lexical similarity: 46% with Shekkacho [moy]. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Omotic, North, Gonga-Gimojan, Gonga, North More information. |
| Burji | [bji] 35,700 in Ethiopia (1994 census). 29,259 monolinguals. Population total all countries: 46,100. Ethnic population: 46,565 (1994 census). South of Lake Ciamo. Also in Kenya. Alternate names: Bambala, Bembala, Daashi. Dialects: Lexical similarity: 41% with Sidamo [sid] (most similar). Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Cushitic, East, Highland More information. |
| Bussa | [dox] 6,620 (1994 census). 4,955 monolinguals. Ethnic population: 9,207 (1994 census). Omo region, west of Lake Chamo. Alternate names: D’oopace, D’opaasunte, Dobase, Gobeze, Goraze, Gowase, Lohu, Mashelle, Mashile, Masholle, Mosiye, Musiye, Orase. Dialects: There is a dialect chain with Konso-Dirasha-Dobase. Lexical similarity: 78% with Gawwada [gwd], 51% with Konso [kxc], 86% with the Gollango dialect of Gawwada, 80% with the Harso dialect of Gawwada, 61% with Tsamai [tsb]. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Cushitic, East, Dullay More information. |
| Chara | [cra] 6,930. 5,556 monolinguals. Ethnic population: 6,984 (1994 census). Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples Regional State (SNNPR), Kafa and South Omo zones, both sides of Omo River. Alternate names: Ciara. Dialects: Buch’a. Lexical similarity: 54% with Wolaytta [wal]. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Omotic, North, Gonga-Gimojan, Gimojan, Ometo-Gimira, Chara More information. |
| Daasanach | [dsh] 32,100 in Ethiopia (1994 census). 31,368 monolinguals. Population total all countries: 40,100. Ethnic population: 32,099 (1994 census). Lower Omo River, along Lake Turkana, into Kenya. Also in Kenya. Alternate names: Daasanech, Dama, Dasenech, Dathanaic, Dathanaik, Dathanik, Gallab, Galuba, Gelab, Geleb, Geleba, Gelebinya, Gelubba, Gheleba, Marille, Merile, Merille, Morille, Reshiat, Russian Federation, “Shangilla”. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Cushitic, East, Western Omo-Tana More information. |
| Dime | [dim] 6,500 (1994 census). 4,785 monolinguals. Ethnic population: 6,197 (1994 census). Kafa region, north of Omo River, just before it turns south. Alternate names: Dima. Dialects: Lexical similarity: 47% with Hamer-Banna [amf]. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Omotic, South More information. |
| Dirasha | [gdl] 90,000 (2005 SIL), increasing. 80,000 monolinguals. 8,097 Mosiya and 10,100 Kusumitta. Ethnic population: 90,000. Omo region, hills west of Lake Chamo, Gidole town area. Alternate names: Dhirasha, Diraasha, Dirayta, Gardulla, Ghidole, Gidole. Dialects: Mosiya, Kusumitta. Part of a dialect subgroup with Konso [kxc] and Bussa [dox]. Lexical similarity: 55% with Konso. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Cushitic, East, Konso-Gidole More information. |
| Dizi | [mdx] 21,100 (1994 census), increasing. 17,583 monolinguals. Ethnic population: 21,894 (1994 census). Kafa region, near Maji town. Alternate names: Dizi-Maji, Dizinog, Dizinya, Maji, Majinya, Sizi, Twoyu. Dialects: Related to Sheko [she], Nayi [noz]. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Omotic, North, Dizoid More information. |
| Dorze | [doz] 20,800 (1994 census). 9,905 monolinguals. Ethnic population: 28,990 (1994 census). North Omo region, Chencha area; Addis Ababa. Dialects: Lexical similarity: 82%–87% with the Gamo dialect of Gamo-Gofa-Dawro [gmo], 77%–81% with the Gofa dialect of Gamo-Gofa-Dawro [gmo], 80% with Wolaytta [wal], 73%–75% with the Dawro dialect of Gamo-Gofa-Dawro [gmo], 54% with Koorete [kqy], 48% with Male [mdy]. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Omotic, North, Gonga-Gimojan, Gimojan, Ometo-Gimira, Ometo, Central More information. |
| English | [eng] 1,990 in Ethiopia (1994 census). Classification: Indo-European, Germanic, West, English More information. |
| Ethiopian Sign Language | [eth] 1,000,000 (2005). Classification: Deaf sign language More information. |
| Gafat | [gft] Extinct. South Blue Nile area. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, South, Ethiopian, South, Outer, n-Group More information. |
| Gamo-Gofa-Dawro | [gmo] 1,240,000 (1994 census). 1,046,084 monolinguals including 597,130 Gamo, 259,633 Dawro, 189,321 Gofa. 690,069 Gamo, 313,228 Dawro, 233,340 Gofa. Ethnic population: 1,292,860 (1994 census) including 719,847 Gamo, 331,483 Dawro, 241,530 Gofa (1994 census). Omo region, Arba Minch area; mountains west to Lake Abaya. Dialects: Gamo (Gemu), Gofa (Goffa), Dawro (Dauro, Kullo, Cullo, Ometay). Subdialects of Dawro are Konta (Conta) and Kucha (Kusha, Koysha). Lexical similarity: 79%–91% between the Gamo and Gofa dialects, 79%–89% with Wolaytta [wal], 82%–87% with Dorze [doz], 73%–80% with the Dawro dialect, 49% with Koorete [kqy], 44% with Male [mdy]. 76% between the Dawro and Gofa dialects, 80% with Wolaytta, 73%–75% with Dorze, 48% with Koorete, 43% with Male. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Omotic, North, Gonga-Gimojan, Gimojan, Ometo-Gimira, Ometo, Central More information. |
| Ganza | [gza] 5,400 (2004). Ethnic population: 6,291. South of Yabus Bridge, along Sudan border. Alternate names: Ganzo, Koma. Dialects: Related to Hozooz (Ruhlen 1987:322). Lexical similarity: 14% with Omotic languages, 6% with Mao. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Omotic, North, Mao, West More information. |
| Gawwada | [gwd] 32,700 (1994 census). 27,477 monolinguals. Ethnic population: 33,971 (1994 census). Omo region, west of Lake Chamo. Alternate names: Gauwada, Gawata, Kawwad’a, Kawwada. Dialects: Dihina (Tihina, Tihinte), Gergere (K’ark’arte), Gobeze, Gollango (Kollanko), Gorose (Gorrose, Korrose), Harso (Worase). Lexical similarity: 78% with Bussa [dox], 73% with Tsamai [tsb], 77% with the Harso dialect, 92% with the Gollango dialect, 41% with Konso [kxc]. The Harso dialect has 80% with the Dobase dialect of Bussa [dox], 56% with Tsamai [tsb]. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Cushitic, East, Dullay More information. |
| Gayil | [gyl] 55,700 (2007). Southwest, South Omo zone, Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples Regional State (SNNPR), North Aari Wereda. Alternate names: Gayl, Gayi, Galila, Gelila, Northern Ari. Dialects: Related to Aari [aiw], Dime [dim], Hamer-Banna [amf], Karo [kxh]. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Omotic, South More information. |
| Gedeo | [drs] 637,000 (1994 census). 438,958 monolinguals. Ethnic population: 639,905. Central highland area, southwest of Dilla and east of Lake Abaya. Alternate names: Darasa, Darassa, Derasa, Derasanya, Deresa, Geddeo. Dialects: Lexical similarity: 60% with Sidamo [sid] (most similar), 57% with Alaba-Kabeena [alw], 54% with Kambaata [ktb], 51% with Hadiyya [hdy]. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Cushitic, East, Highland More information. |
| Geez | [gez] Extinct. Also in Eritrea. Alternate names: Ancient Ethiopic, Ethiopic, Ge’ez, Giiz. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, South, Ethiopian, North More information. |
| Gumuz | [guk] 120,000 in Ethiopia (1994 census). 88,192 monolinguals. Population total all countries: 160,000. Ethnic population: 121,487 (1994 census). Metemma area on Sudan border south through Gondar and Gojjam; along Blue Nile and south into Wellaga and Didessa Valley up to Leqemt-Gimbi Road; southwest of Addis Ababa, villages around Welqite (possibly 1,000). Also in Sudan. Alternate names: Bega, Bega-Tse, Debatsa, Debuga, Dehenda, Gombo, Gumis, Gumuzinya, Mendeya, “Shankilligna” , “Shankillinya” , “Shanqilla” , Sigumza. Dialects: Guba, Wenbera, Sirba, Agalo, Yaso, Mandura, Dibate, Metemma. There are noticeable dialect differences, and not all dialects are inherently intelligible. Mandura, Dibate, and Metemma form a distinct dialect subgroup. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Komuz, Gumuz More information. |
| Hadiyya | [hdy] 924,000 (1994 census). 595,107 monolinguals. Gurage, Kambaata, Hadiyya region, between Omo and Billate rivers, Hosaina town area. Alternate names: Adea, Adiya, Adiye, Hadia, Hadiya, Hadya. Dialects: Leemo, Soro. Lexical similarity: 82% with Libido [liq], 56% with Kambaata [ktb], 54% with Alaba-Kabeena [alw], 53% with Sidamo [sid]. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Cushitic, East, Highland More information. |
| Hamer-Banna | [amf] 42,800 (1994 census). 38,354 monolinguals (1994 census). Ethnic population: 42,466 (1994 census). South Omo region, near Omo River; north of Lake Turkana, southwest corner, near Kenya, Uganda, Sudan borders. Alternate names: Amar, Amarcocche, Amer, Ammar, Bana, Banna, Beshada, Cocche, Hamar, Hamar-Koke, Hamer, Hammer, Hammercoche, Kara Kerre. Dialects: Hamer and Banna are separate ethnic groups who speak virtually the same language. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Omotic, South More information. |
| Harari | [har] 21,300 (1994 census). 2,351 monolinguals. 20,000 in Addis Ababa, outside Harar City (Hetzron 1997:486). Ethnic population: 21,757 (1994 census). East, walled city of Harar; Addis Ababa and Dire Dawa. Alternate names: Adare, Adarinnya, Adere, Aderinya, Gey Sinan, Hararri. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, South, Ethiopian, South, Transversal, Harari-East Gurage More information. |
| Hozo | [hoz] 3,000 (1995 SIL). West Oromo region, Begi area. 50 or more villages. Alternate names: Begi-Mao. Dialects: Related to Bambassi [myf] (Bender 1975). Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Omotic, North, Mao, West More information. |
| Inor | [ior] 280,000. 50,000 Endegeny. West Gurage region, Innemor and Endegeny woredas. Alternate names: Ennemor. Dialects: Enegegny (Enner). Part of a Gurage subgroup of languages. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, South, Ethiopian, South, Outer, tt-Group More information. |
| Kachama-Ganjule | [kcx] 4,070 (1994 census). 1,002 monolinguals including 816 Kachama, 186 Ganjule. 2,682 Kachama, 1,390 Ganjule; 419 L2 speakers including 223 Kachama, 196 Ganjule. Ethnic population: 3,886 (1994 census) including 2,740 Kachama, 1,146 Ganjule. Kachama is on Gidicho Island in Lake Abaya; Ganjule on west shore of Lake Chamo, Shela-Mela village. Alternate names: Gatame, Gats’ame, Get’eme. Dialects: Ganjule (Ganjawle), Ganta, Kachama. Lexical similarity: 46% with Wolaytta [wal]. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Omotic, North, Gonga-Gimojan, Gimojan, Ometo-Gimira, Ometo, East More information. |
| Kacipo-Balesi | [koe] 4,120 in Ethiopia (2000). South border with Sudan. Alternate names: Silmamo, Tsilmano, Zelmamu, Zilmamu, Zulmamu. Dialects: Balesi (Baale, Bale), Zilmamu (Silmamo, Zelmamu, Zulmamu, Tsilmano), Kacipo (Kachepo, Suri, Western Suri). Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Eastern, Surmic, South, Southwest, Kacipo-Balesi More information. |
| Kafa | [kbr] 570,000 (1994 census). 445,018 monolinguals (1994 census). Kafa region, Bonga town area. May be some in Sudan. Alternate names: Caffino, Kaffa, Kaficho, Kefa, Keffa, Manjo. Dialects: Kafa, Bosha (Garo). Related to Shekkacho [mpy]. Bosha may be a separate language. Manjo is an argot based on Kafa [kbr] (Bender 1983). Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Omotic, North, Gonga-Gimojan, Gonga, South More information. |
| Kambaata | [ktb] 570,000 (1994 census). 330,108 monolinguals including 278,567 Kambaata, 51,541 Timbaro. 487,655 Kambaata, 82,803 Timbaro. Ethnic population: 621,407. Southwest Gurage, Kambaata, Hadiyya region. Durame is main town. Alternate names: Donga, Kambara, Kambata, Kambatta, Kemata, Kembata. Dialects: Tambaro, Timbaro (Timbara, Timbaaro). Lexical similarity: 95% with the Timbaro dialect, 81% with Alaba-Kabeena [alw], 62% with Sidamo [sid], 57% with Libido [liq], 56% with Hadiyya [hdy]. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Cushitic, East, Highland More information. |
| Karo | [kxh] 1,000 (2007 S. Malmvam). South Omo region, upstream from Daasanach, riverside settlements near the Hamer-Banna. Alternate names: Cherre, Kere, Kerre. Dialects: Dialect or closely related language to Hamer-Banna [amf]. More similar to the Hamer variety than to the Banna. Lexical similarity: 81% with Hamer-Banna. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Omotic, South More information. |
| Kistane | [gru] 255,000 (1994 census). Ethnic population: 363,867 (1994 census) including 4,000 Gogot. Gurage, Kambaata, Hadiyya regions, southwest of Addis Ababa. Alternate names: North Gurage, Soddo, Soddo Gurage. Dialects: Soddo (Aymallal, Aymellel, Kestane, Kistane), Dobi (Dobbi, Gogot, Goggot). Not intelligible with Silt’e [stv] or Sebat Bet Gurage [sgw]. The Dobi dialect comprehendsion of Soddo is 76%, and Soddo speakers’ of Dobi is 90%. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, South, Ethiopian, South, Outer, n-Group More information. |
| Komo | [xom] 1,500 in Ethiopia (Bender 1975). Mao-Komo Special Wereda south of Asosa, south and west of the Kwama [kmq]; Gambela region, Bonga area, near Baro River. Alternate names: Central Koma, Koma, Madiin, South Koma. Dialects: Koma of Begi, Koma of Daga. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Komuz, Koman More information. |
| Konso | [kxc] 195,000 (2005), increasing. 138,696 monolinguals. Ethnic population: 229,134. South of Lake Chamo, Sagan River bend. A few migrants in Kenya. Alternate names: Af Kareti, Afa Karatti, Conso, Gato, Karate, Kareti, Komso. Dialects: Kholme, Duuro, Fasha, Karatti. Lexical similarity: 55% with Dirasha [gdl], 51% with Bussa [dox], 41% with Gawwada [gwd], 31% with Tsamai [tsb]. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Cushitic, East, Konso-Gidole More information. |
| Koorete | [kqy] 104,000, increasing. 84,388 monolinguals (1994 census). About 60 Harro families in Harro village on Gidicho (Gidicció) Island. Ethnic population: 136,005 (2006). Sidama region, Amaro mountains east of Lake Abaya. Alternate names: Amaarro, Amarro, Badittu, Koore, Koyra, Kwera, Nuna. Dialects: Lexical similarity: 54% with Dorze [doz], 53% with Wolaytta [wal], 52% with the Gofa dialect of Gamo-Gofa-Dawro [gmo], 49% with the Gamo dialect of Gamo-Gofa-Dawro [gmo], 48% with the Dawro dialect of Gamo-Gofa-Dawro [gmo], 45% with Male [mdy]. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Omotic, North, Gonga-Gimojan, Gimojan, Ometo-Gimira, Ometo, East More information. |
| Kwama | [kmq] 15,000 (1982 SIL). South Benishangul-Gumuz region, along Sudan border, south of Asosa to Gidami; Gambela region near Bonga. 19 villages, including one (Yabus) in Sudan. Alternate names: Afan Mao, Amam, Gogwama, Goma, Gwama, Koma of Asosa, Nokanoka, North Koma, T’wa Kwama, Takwama. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Komuz, Koman More information. |
| Kwegu | [xwg] Ethnic population: 450 (2007). Southwest, Omo River west bank, Kuchur village. Alternate names: Bacha, Koegu, Kwegi, Menja, Nidi. Dialects: Yidinich (Yidinit, Yidi), Muguji. Listed dialects may not be inherently intelligible with Kwegu; it may be a name for several hunter groups. Lexical similarity: 36% with Mursi [muz]. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Eastern, Surmic, South, Southeast, Kwegu More information. |
| Libido | [liq] 36,600 (1998 census). 14,623 monolinguals. Ethnic population: 38,096 (1998 census). Hadiyya, Kambaata, Gurage region, northeast of Hosaina. Alternate names: Marako, Maraqo. Dialects: Syntactic, morphological, and lexical differences from Hadiyya [hdy]. Lexical similarity: 82% with Hadiyya, 57% with Kambaata [ktb], 56% with Alaba-Kabeena [alw], 53% with Sidamo [sid]. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Cushitic, East, Highland More information. |
| Majang | [mpe] 15,300 (1998 census). 10,752 monolinguals. Ethnic population: 15,341 (1998 census). Southwest, parts of Gambela, Oromo, and Kafa administrative regions, a long, narrow belt between Bure (east of Gambela) and Guraferda south. Alternate names: Ajo, Ato Majang, Ato Majanger-Onk, Majanjiro, Masango, Masongo, Mesengo, Ojanjur, Tama. Dialects: Minor dialect variation. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Eastern, Surmic, North, Majang More information. |
| Male | [mdy] 53,800 (1998 census). 40,660 monolinguals. Ethnic population: 46,458 (1998 census). Omo region, southeast of Jinka. Dialects: Lexical similarity: 48% with Dorze [doz], 46% with the Gofa dialect of Gamo-Gofa-Dawro [gmo], 45% with Koorete [kqy], 44% with the Gamo dialect of Gamo-Gofa-Dawro [gmo], 43% with Wolaytta [wal] and the Dawro dialect of Gamo-Gofa-Dawro [gmo]. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Omotic, North, Gonga-Gimojan, Gimojan, Ometo-Gimira, Ometo More information. |
| Me’en | [mym] 80,000 (2005 SIL). 51,446 monolinguals including 4,553 Bodi. 3,500 Bodi. Ethnic population: 57,501 (1998 census) including 4,686 Bodi. Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples Regional State, Bench-Maji zone. Highlanders (Banio) in Bachuma area; lowlanders (Koruwo) south; Bodi near Omo River. Alternate names: Mekan, Men, Meqan, Mie’en, Mieken. Dialects: Banio and Koruwo, Bodi (Podi, Mela). Linguistically similar to Suri [suq] and Mursi [mur]. Lexical differences between highland and lowland dialects. Lexical similarity: 65% with the Chai and Tirma dialects of Suri, 30% with Murle [mur]. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Eastern, Surmic, South, Southeast, Pastoral, Me’en More information. |
| Melo | [mfx] 20,200 (1994 census). 13,264 monolinguals. Ethnic population: 20,189 (1994 census). North Omo region, Malo-Koza area, northeast of Basketo [bst]. Alternate names: Malo. Dialects: Related to Gamo-Gofa-Dawro [gmo]. The Language Academy said it should be considered a separate speech variety. Lexical similarity: 70% with the majority of Ometo language varieties. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Omotic, North, Gonga-Gimojan, Gimojan, Ometo-Gimira, Ometo, Central More information. |
| Mesmes | [mys] Extinct. Gurage, Hadiyya, Kambatta regions. Dialects: Related to Sebat Bet Gurage [sgw]. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, South, Ethiopian, South, Outer, tt-Group More information. |
| Mesqan | [mvz] 25,000 (2002). West Gurage region, Mareqo woreda, principal villages: Mikayelo, Mesqan, and Hudat. Alternate names: Masqan, Meskan. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, South, Ethiopian, South, Outer, tt-Group More information. |
| Murle | [mur] 200 in Ethiopia (1975 Tournay). South of Akobo River. Olam is southwest and on Sudan border. Alternate names: Ajibba, Beir, Merule, Mourle, Murele, Murule. Dialects: Olam (Ngalam, Bangalam). Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Eastern, Surmic, South, Southwest, Didinga-Murle, Murle More information. |
| Mursi | [muz] 3,280 (1994 census). 3,155 monolinguals. Ethnic population: 3,258 (1994 census). Central Omo region, lowlands southwest of Jinka. Alternate names: Dama, Merdu, Meritu, Murzi, Murzu. Dialects: Similar to Tirmi dialect of Suri [suq] in Sudan. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Eastern, Surmic, South, Southeast, Pastoral, Suri More information. |
| Nayi | [noz] 3,660 (1994 census). 1,137 monolinguals. Ethnic population: 4,005 (1994 census). Decha Awraja, Kafa region, and scattered in Kafa area; Shoa Bench Wereda, Dulkuma village; Sheko Wereda: Aybera, Kosa, and Jomdos villages. Alternate names: Na’o, Nao. Dialects: Related to Dizi [mdx], Sheko [she]. Lexical similarity: 58% with Dizi. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Omotic, North, Dizoid More information. |
| Nuer | [nus] 64,900 in Ethiopia (1994 census). 61,640 monolinguals. Ethnic population: 64,534 (1994 census). Gambela region, along Baro River. Alternate names: Naath. Dialects: Eastern Nuer (Ji, Kany, Jikany, Door, Abigar). Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Nilotic, Western, Dinka-Nuer, Nuer More information. |
| Nyangatom | [nnj] 14,200 (1994 census). 13,797 monolinguals. Ethnic population: 14,201 (1994 census). Extreme southwest corner, Omo region, Omo River and Kibish River settlement centers. Follow cattle into Sudan, Moru Angipi region. Alternate names: Dongiro, Donyiro, Idongiro, Inyangatom. Dialects: Inherently intelligible with Toposa [toq] and Turkana [tuv]. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Nilotic, Eastern, Lotuxo-Teso, Teso-Turkana, Turkana More information. |
| Ongota | [bxe] 8. Ethnic population: 89 (2000 M. Brenzinger). Southeast Omo region, west bank of Weyt’o River. 1 village. Alternate names: “Birale” , “Birelle” , Ifa, “Shanqilla”. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Unclassified Nearly extinct. More information. |
| Opuuo | [lgn] 1,000 in Ethiopia (2007 A. Tsadik). Gambella region, along Sudan border north of Anuak [anu] and Nuer [nus]. 5 villages. Also in Sudan. Alternate names: Ansita, Ciita, Cita, Kina, Kwina, “Langa” , Opo, Opo-Shita, Opuo, Shiita, Shita. Dialects: Lexical similarity: 24% with Komo [xom]. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Komuz, Koman More information. |
| Oromo | [orm] A macrolanguage. Population total all countries: 17,344,816. More information. |
| Oromo, Borana-Arsi-Guji | [gax] 3,630,000 in Ethiopia. Population total all countries: 3,823,600. South Oromo region. Also in Kenya, Somalia. Alternate names: Afan Oromo, “Galla” , “Galligna” , “Gallinya” , Southern Oromo. Dialects: Borana (Boran, Borena), Arsi (Arussi, Arusi), Guji (Gujji, Jemjem), Kereyu, Salale (Selale), Gabra (Gabbra, Gebra). Harari [har] is closely related. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Cushitic, East, Oromo More information. |
| Oromo, Eastern | [hae] 4,530,000 (1994 census). North Bale zone, east and west Hararghe zone. Alternate names: Harar, Harer, Ittu, “Kwottu” , “Qottu” , “Qotu Oromo” , “Quottu” , “Qwottu”. Dialects: Similar to Borana-Arsi-Guji Oromo [gax]. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Cushitic, East, Oromo More information. |
| Oromo, West Central | [gaz] 8,920,000 in Ethiopia (1994 census). Population total all countries: 8,922,200. Ethnic population: All ethnic Oromo are 30,000,000 in Ethiopia. West and central, Oromo region; Rift Valley escarpment east of Dessie and Woldiya. Also in Egypt. Alternate names: Afan Oromo, “Galla” , Oromiffa, Oromoo. Dialects: Western Oromo, Central Oromo. Subdialects are Mecha (Maccha, Wellaga, Wallaga, Wollega), Raya, Wello (Wollo), Tulema (Tulama, Shoa, Shewa). Harar and Boran are most divergent. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Cushitic, East, Oromo More information. |
| Oyda | [oyd] 16,600 (1994 census). 6,244 monolinguals. Ethnic population: 14,075 (1994 census). Northwest Omo region, southwest of Sawla. Dialects: Lexical similarity: 69% with Wolaytta [wal], 61% with Basketo [bst]. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Omotic, North, Gonga-Gimojan, Gimojan, Ometo-Gimira, Ometo, Central More information. |
| Qimant | [ahg] 1,650 in Ethiopia (1994 census). Ethnic population: 172,327 (1994 census). Northwest Amhara region, north of Lake Tana. Qwara or Kayla are near Addis Ababa. Also in Eritrea. Alternate names: Kimanteney, Western Agaw. Dialects: Qimant (Kemant, Kimant, Kemanat, Kamant, Chemant, Qemant), Dembiya (Dembya, Dambya), Hwarasa (Qwara, Qwarina, “Kara” ), Kayla, Semyen, Achpar, Kwolasa (Kwolacha). Distinct from Awngi [awn], Bilen [byn], Xamtanga [xan]. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Cushitic, Central, Western More information. |
| Rer Bare | [rer] Extinct. East Ogaden, Gode area, Wabi Shebelle River near Somali border; along Ganale and Dawa rivers. Alternate names: Adona, Rerebere. Classification: Unclassified More information. |
| Saho | [ssy] 22,800 in Ethiopia (1994 census). Tigray Province. Alternate names: Sao, Shaho, Shiho, Shoho. Dialects: Irob. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Cushitic, East, Saho-Afar More information. |
| Sebat Bet Gurage | [sgw] 2,320,000 (2006). Chaha 130,000, Gura 20,000, Muher 90,000, Gyeto 80,000, Ezha 120,000. West Gurage region. Chaha in Emdibir area; Gura in Gura Megenase and Wirir areas; Muher in Ch’eza area, mountains north of Chaha and Ezha; Gyeto south of Ark’it’ in K’abul and K’want’e; Ezha in Agenna. Alternate names: Central West Gurage, Gouraghie, Guragie, Gurague, West Gurage. Dialects: Chaha (Cheha), Ezha (Eza, Izha), Gumer (Gwemarra), Gura, Gyeto, Muher. A member of the Gurage subgroup of languages. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, South, Ethiopian, South, Outer, tt-Group More information. |
| Seze | [sze] 3,000 (1995 SIL). West Oromo region, near Begi, north of Hozo [hoz]. Alternate names: Sezo. Dialects: Related to Bambassi [myf] (Bender 1975). Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Omotic, North, Mao, West More information. |
| Shabo | [sbf] 450 (2000 M. Brenzinger), decreasing. Ethnic population: 600 or more (2000). Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples Region, Sheka zone; Gambella region, Majangir zone between Godere and Mashi, among Majang [mpe] and Shekkacho [moy]. Alternate names: “Mekeyer” , “Mikair” , “Mikeyir” , Sabu, “Shako”. Dialects: Distinct from Sheko [she]. Lexical similarity: 30% with Majang, 12% with other West Cushitic (Omotic) languages. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Unclassified More information. |
| Shekkacho | [moy] 54,900 (1994 census). 36,449 monolinguals. Ethnic population: 53,897 (1994 census). North Kafa region, Maasha area. Alternate names: Mocha, Shakacho, Shekka. Dialects: Similar to Kafa [kbr]. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Omotic, North, Gonga-Gimojan, Gonga, South More information. |
| Sheko | [she] 40,000 (2007). 13,611 monolinguals (1994 census). Ethnic population: 23,785 (1994 census). Kafa region, Shako District. Alternate names: Shak, Shako, Shekka, Shekko, Tschako. Dialects: Distinct from Shabo [sbf]. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Omotic, North, Dizoid More information. |
| Sidamo | [sid] 2,900,000 (2005 SIL). 2,525,000 monolinguals. South central, Sidamo zone, northeast of Lake Abaya and southeast of Lake Awasa. Alternate names: Sidaamu Afoo, Sidaminya, Sidámo ’Afó. Dialects: Lexical similarity: 64% with Alaba-Kabeena [alw], 62% with Kambaata [ktb], 53% with Hadiyya [hdy]. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Cushitic, East, Highland More information. |
| Silt’e | [stv] 1,000,000 (2007). South of Addis Ababa 150km, Werabey Town. Alternate names: East Gurage, Selti, Silte, Silti. Dialects: Enneqor (Inneqor), Ulbarag (Urbareg). Similar to Wolane [wle]. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, South, Ethiopian, South, Transversal, Harari-East Gurage More information. |
| Somali | [som] 3,960,000 in Ethiopia (2006). 2,878,371 monolinguals. Southeast, Somali region. Alternate names: Common Somali, Standard Somali. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Cushitic, East, Somali More information. |
| Suri | [suq] 19,600 in Ethiopia (1994 census). 18,640 monolinguals. Population total all countries: 20,600. Ethnic population: 19,632 (1994 census). Southwest Kafa region toward Sudan border; west of Mizan Teferi. Also in Sudan. Alternate names: Churi, Dhuri, Eastern Suri, Shuri, Shuro, Surma. Dialects: Tirmaga (Tirima, Terema, Terna, Dirma, Cirma, Tirma, Tirmagi, Tid), Chai (Cai, Caci). Lexical similarity: 81% with Mursi [muz]. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Eastern, Surmic, South, Southeast, Pastoral, Suri More information. |
| Tigrigna | [tir] 3,220,000 in Ethiopia (1994 census). 2,819,755 monolinguals. Population total all countries: 5,791,710. Ethnic population: 3,284,568. Tigray Province. Also in Canada, Djibouti, Eritrea, Germany, Israel. Alternate names: Tigray, Tigrinya. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, South, Ethiopian, North More information. |
| Tsamai | [tsb] 8,620 (1994 census). 5,298 monolinguals. Ethnic population: 9,702 (1998 census). Omo region, lowlands west of Lake Chamo. Alternate names: Bago S’aamakk-Ulo, Cule, Kuile, Kule, S’amai, Tamaha, Ts’amay, Tsamakko, Tsamako. Dialects: The Tsamai say Gawwada [gwd] is difficult to understand. Possibly related to Birale [bxe]. The most aberrant variety in the Dullay classification. Lexical similarity: 56%–73% with Gawwada dialects, 61% with Bussa [dox], 31% with Konso [kxc]. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Cushitic, East, Dullay More information. |
| Turkana | [tuv] 25,200 in Ethiopia (2000). Southwest region west of Omo River. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Nilotic, Eastern, Lotuxo-Teso, Teso-Turkana, Turkana More information. |
| Uduk | [udu] 20,000 in Ethiopia (1995 W. James). Gambela region, near Gambela town, Bonga, large refugee camp. Also in Sudan. Alternate names: Burun, Kebeirka, Korara, Kumus, Kwanim Pa, Othan, Twampa. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Komuz, Koman More information. |
| Weyto | [woy] No known speakers. Ethnic population: 1,631 of whom 1,519 (93%) speak Amharic as L1, others speak other L1s. Lake Tana region. Alternate names: Wayto, Weyt’o. Dialects: Possibly Eastern Sudanic or an Awngi variety (Bender 1983), or Cushitic (Bender, Bowen, Cooper, and Ferguson 1976:14). Classification: Unclassified More information. |
| Wolane | [wle] Gurage zone. Alternate names: Walane, Welene, Olane. Dialects: Similar to Silte [stv]. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, South, Ethiopian, South, Transversal, Harari-East Gurage More information. |
| Wolaytta | [wal] 1,230,000 (1994 census). 999,694 monolinguals. Wolaytta region, Lake Abaya area. Alternate names: Borodda, Ometo, Ualamo, Uba, Uollamo, Walamo, Wallamo, Welamo, Wellamo, Wolaita, Wolaitta, Wolataita, Wolayta, Wollamo. Dialects: Zala. Dorze [doz], Melo [mfx], Oyda [oyd] may be dialects of Wolaytta [wal] or of Gamo-Gofa-Dawro [gmo]. Lexical similarity: 79%–93% with Gamo-Gofa-Dawro, 84% with the Gofa dialect of Gamo-Gofa-Dawro, 80% with the Dawro dialect of Gamo-Gofa-Dawro and Dorze, 48% with Koorete [kqy], 43% with Male [mdy]. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Omotic, North, Gonga-Gimojan, Gimojan, Ometo-Gimira, Ometo, Central More information. |
| Xamtanga | [xan] 143,000 (1994 census). 93,889 monolinguals. Ethnic population: 158,231 (1994 census). North Amhara region, Avergele District, Lasta and Waag zones, 100 km north of Weldiya. Alternate names: Agawinya, Khamtanga, Simt’anga, Xamir, Xamta. Dialects: Low inherent intelligibility wtih Qimant [ahg]. Lexical similarity: 45% with Qimant. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Cushitic, Central, Eastern More information. |
| Yemsa | [jnj] 81,600 (1994 census). Ethnic population: 165,184 (1994 census). Southwest, Oromo region, northeast of Jimma, Fofa (main village); mixed in Oromo villages; Sokoru, Saja, Deedoo, Sak’a, Jimma. Alternate names: “Janjerinya” , “Janjero” , “Janjor” , “Yangaro” , Yem, Yemma, “Zinjero”. Dialects: Fuga of Jimma, Toba. The Fuga of Jimma dialect may be a separate language. Lexical similarity: 24% with Shekkacho [moy]. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Omotic, North, Gonga-Gimojan, Gimojan, Janjero More information. |
| Zay | [zwa] 4,880 (1994 SIL), decreasing. Ethnic population: 4,880. Oromiya region, Lake Zway shores and east islands. Alternate names: Gelilla, Lak’i, Laqi, Zway. Dialects: No identified dialect variations. Lexical similarity: 61% with Harari [har], 70% with Silt’e [stv] (M. L. Bender 1971). Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, South, Ethiopian, South, Transversal, Harari-East Gurage More information. |
| Zaysete | [zay] 17,800 (1994 census). 3,000 monolinguals. 10,172 Zayse, 7,625 Zergulla. Ethnic population: 11,232 (1994 census) including 10,842 Zayse, 390 Zergulla. Omo region, west of Lake Chamo. Alternate names: Zaisse, Zayse-Zergulla, Zaysitè, Zaysse, Zergula. Dialects: Zergulla (Zergullinya), Zayse. Similar to the Gidicho dialect of Koorete [kqy]. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Omotic, North, Gonga-Gimojan, Gimojan, Ometo-Gimira, Ometo, East More information. |
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